Swords & Crosses: Jesuit Missionaries in Japan
by Susan Spann
Many people became aware of the Jesuits (the Society of Jesus) in 2013, when Pope Francis became the very first Jesuit Pope. However, the Jesuit order was founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola (along with six other university students) in 1534, and since the 16th century, the Jesuits have among the most active Christian religious and missionary groups.
The Jesuits first arrived in Japan
on August 15,1549, when Saint Francis Xavier (then Father Francis Xavier) landed
at Kagoshima. By the end of September, Xavier had obtained official permission
to share the Christian religion in Japan—an astonishing feat, considering that
Japan was almost completely closed to foreigners at that time.
Father Xavier traveled extensively
in Japan, meeting with various daimyō
(Samurai lords) and attempting to teach Christianity despite the
significant language barrier. He is also responsible for the first translation
of the Catholic catechism into Japanese.
Unlike many missionaries, who tried
to covert native populations without respecting (or trying to learn) the local
language and customs, Jesuit priests attempted to learn local languages and often
lived according to local customs (at least to the extent the customs did not
directly conflict with their vows or the Christian faith). For example, many
Jesuits dressed in Japanese clothing and learned to appreciate Japanese food,
art, and culture. Understandably, this flexibility had a positive impact on
their ability to obtain permission to travel throughout Japan and share the
gospel with Japanese people.
During the 16th century,
Japan was nominally ruled by an emperor, but day-to-day power resided in the
hands of the shogun and the daimyō who ruled the provinces. (The country would
not be officially unified until Tokugawa Ieyasu conquered the other daimyō and seized the Shogunate in 1603.) Foreigners could not travel freely in
Japan, and foreign trade was severely limited. The Jesuits’ greater freedom of
movement allowed them to act as brokers for the Portuguese traders who hoped to
expand their markets into Japan, and in return these merchants financed some of
the Jesuits’ missionary activities.
As it happens, the 16th century was also the height of ninja
activity in Japan, with the strongest ninja (shinobi) clans operating in the mountainous provinces of Iga and
Koga.
When I decided to write a mystery series featuring a ninja detective, I
wanted to give my protagonist a Western sidekick, to act as the reader’s
“cultural filter” and to offer a different perspective on medieval Japan.
Historically speaking, a Jesuit was the perfect choice to fill this role.
Although I originally planned for Father Mateo to act as a “Watson” to
my primary detective, master ninja Hiro Hattori, the characters quickly
developed a life—and a relationship—of their own. By the end of the first Hiro
Hattori (Shinobi) Mystery, Claws of the
Cat, the men had become true partners in
crime-solving, using their complementary skills to find and identify the
killer. Their developing friendship, and good-natured banter, makes the Hiro
Hattori mysteries fun to write and hopefully, fun to read as well!
Susan Spann is a transactional publishing attorney and the author of the Shinobi Mysteries, featuring ninja detective Hiro Hattori and his Portuguese Jesuit sidekick, Father Mateo. Her debut novel, CLAWS OF THE CAT (Minotaur Books, 2013), was named a Library Journal Mystery Debut of the Month. Susan has a degree in Asian Studies from Tufts University, where she studied Chinese and Japanese language, history, and culture. Her hobbies include cooking, traditional archery, martial arts, and horseback riding. She lives in northern California with her husband, son, two cats, and an aquarium full of seahorses.
Thanks to the author for this guest post
Today is release day for the fourth in the mystery series.
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| The Ninja's Daughter: A Hiro Hattori Mystery |
